/* ==========================================================================
   Dr. Chinedu Mercedes Chidi-Ugbaja, Ph.D. - Academic & Publications Portal
   Aesthetic based on Barack Obama Books (barackobamabooks.com)
   Clean, Minimalist, High-Contrast Publisher & Academic Editorial Design
   ========================================================================== */

@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Plus+Jakarta+Sans:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;0,800;1,400&family=Playfair+Display:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;1,400&display=swap');

:root {
  --font-sans: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
  --font-serif: 'Playfair Display', Georgia, serif;
  
  --color-bg: #ffffff;
  --color-surface: #f9f9fb;
  --color-surface-subtle: #f2f2f5;
  --color-border: #e2e2e8;
  --color-border-dark: #111111;
  
  --color-text-main: #111111;
  --color-text-hero-muted: #8e8f92; /* Signature Barack Obama Books title grey */
  --color-text-secondary: #555559;
  --color-text-muted: #7c7c84;
  --color-gold: #b38738;
  --color-gold-light: #faf5eb;
  
  --color-footer-bg: #0a0a0a;
  --color-footer-text: #f7f7f7;
  --color-footer-muted: #999999;

  --btn-bg: #000000;
  --btn-text: #ffffff;
  --btn-bg-hover: #ffffff;
  --btn-text-hover: #000000;
  
  --container-max: 1360px;
  --header-height: 80px;
  --transition-fast: 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
  --transition-smooth: 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
}

*, *::before, *::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  scroll-padding-top: calc(var(--header-height) + 20px);
}

body {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  background-color: var(--color-bg);
  color: var(--color-text-main);
  line-height: 1.6;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
}

a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: opacity var(--transition-fast);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Utility Classes & Container
   ========================================================================== */
.container {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--container-max);
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  padding-left: clamp(20px, 4vw, 48px);
  padding-right: clamp(20px, 4vw, 48px);
}

.text-uppercase {
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.tracking-wide {
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
}

.tracking-wider {
  letter-spacing: 0.2em;
}

.tracking-widest {
  letter-spacing: 0.28em;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Header & Navigation
   ========================================================================== */
.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 1000;
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98);
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  transition: transform var(--transition-fast), background-color var(--transition-fast);
}

.header-inner {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding-top: 18px;
  padding-bottom: 16px;
  position: relative;
}

.header-top-row {
  width: 100%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  position: relative;
}

.menu-toggle-btn {
  display: none;
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-text-main);
  padding: 8px 4px;
}

.menu-icon-bars {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 4px;
  width: 20px;
}

.menu-icon-bars span {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 2px;
  background-color: var(--color-text-main);
  transition: transform var(--transition-fast), opacity var(--transition-fast);
}

.site-title {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(16px, 2.2vw, 24px);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.22em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--color-text-main);
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.site-subtitle-tag {
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-top: 4px;
  text-align: center;
}

.nav-links-row {
  margin-top: 14px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: clamp(16px, 2.5vw, 34px);
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.nav-item {
  font-size: 13.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--color-text-main);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding: 4px 2px;
  position: relative;
}

.nav-item::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 0;
  height: 1.5px;
  background-color: var(--color-text-main);
  transition: width var(--transition-fast);
}

.nav-item:hover::after,
.nav-item.active::after {
  width: 100%;
}

.nav-phone-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  background: var(--color-surface-subtle);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  padding: 3px 10px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  color: var(--color-text-main);
  margin-left: 8px;
}

.nav-phone-badge:hover {
  background: var(--btn-bg);
  color: var(--btn-text);
  border-color: var(--btn-bg);
}

/* Mobile Nav Drawer */
.mobile-nav-drawer {
  display: none;
  background-color: #ffffff;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  padding: 24px 20px 32px;
  text-align: center;
  transition: max-height 0.3s ease;
}

.mobile-nav-drawer.open {
  display: block;
}

.mobile-nav-list {
  list-style: none;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 18px;
}

.mobile-nav-link {
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.15em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-text-main);
  display: block;
  padding: 6px 0;
}

.mobile-contact-box {
  margin-top: 24px;
  padding-top: 20px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.mobile-contact-box .phone-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
  background: #000000;
  color: #ffffff;
  padding: 10px 20px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  margin-top: 8px;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Hero Section - Exactly matching Barack Obama Books layout
   ========================================================================== */
.hero-module {
  background-color: #ffffff;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.hero-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  min-height: calc(100vh - 120px);
  max-width: 1600px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.hero-image-column {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  min-height: 520px;
  background-color: #ececec;
  overflow: hidden;
  display: flex;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.hero-image-column img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center top;
  filter: grayscale(100%) contrast(106%);
}

.hero-text-column {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  text-align: center;
  padding: clamp(40px, 6vw, 80px) clamp(24px, 5vw, 64px);
  background-color: #ffffff;
}

.hero-category-label {
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.28em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}

/* The signature Barack Obama Books grey uppercase title (#8e8f92) */
.hero-book-title {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(32px, 3.8vw, 54px);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.12;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-text-hero-muted); /* #8e8f92 signature grey */
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  max-width: 620px;
}

.hero-book-subtitle {
  font-size: clamp(15px, 1.4vw, 19px);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-text-main);
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.hero-author-name {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(26px, 3vw, 42px);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-text-hero-muted); /* #8e8f92 signature grey */
  margin-bottom: 28px;
}

.hero-dropdown-trigger {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 10px;
  background-color: var(--btn-bg);
  color: var(--btn-text);
  border: 2px solid var(--btn-bg);
  padding: 12px 28px;
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all var(--transition-fast);
  margin-bottom: 22px;
  min-width: 230px;
}

.hero-dropdown-trigger:hover {
  background-color: var(--btn-bg-hover);
  color: var(--btn-text-hover);
  border-color: var(--btn-bg);
}

.hero-dropdown-trigger svg {
  width: 14px;
  height: 14px;
  fill: currentColor;
  transition: transform var(--transition-fast);
}

.hero-dropdown-trigger.expanded svg {
  transform: rotate(180deg);
}

/* Replicating the Retailer / Repository Buttons row */
.retailer-buttons-grid {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 8px;
  max-width: 620px;
  margin-top: 6px;
}

.retailer-pill-btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background-color: #000000;
  color: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #000000;
  font-size: 11.5px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding: 7px 14px;
  transition: all var(--transition-fast);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.retailer-pill-btn:hover {
  background-color: #ffffff;
  color: #000000;
}

.retailer-pill-btn.gold-accent {
  background-color: #ffffff;
  color: #000000;
  border: 1.5px solid #000000;
}

.retailer-pill-btn.gold-accent:hover {
  background-color: #000000;
  color: #ffffff;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Editorial Monograph Overview (Featured Book narrative style)
   ========================================================================== */
.editorial-overview-section {
  padding: clamp(60px, 8vw, 100px) 0;
  background-color: #ffffff;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.editorial-layout {
  max-width: 980px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  text-align: left;
}

.editorial-pullquote {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(22px, 2.8vw, 34px);
  line-height: 1.38;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--color-text-main);
  margin-bottom: 36px;
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 28px;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--color-border-dark);
}

.editorial-body-text {
  font-size: clamp(16px, 1.2vw, 18px);
  line-height: 1.82;
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 20px;
}

.editorial-body-text p strong {
  color: var(--color-text-main);
  font-weight: 700;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Publications Section - "MultiBook" component from barackobamabooks.com
   ========================================================================== */
.publications-section {
  padding: clamp(70px, 9vw, 120px) 0;
  background-color: var(--color-surface);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.section-header-block {
  text-align: center;
  max-width: 820px;
  margin: 0 auto clamp(40px, 6vw, 64px);
}

.section-eyebrow {
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.26em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.section-main-heading {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(28px, 3.5vw, 44px);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-text-main);
  line-height: 1.2;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.section-lead-desc {
  font-size: clamp(15px, 1.1vw, 17px);
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Publications Section - "MultiBook" component from barackobamabooks.com
   Version 2: Plain display of paper title card, no book image
   ========================================================================== */
.publications-section {
  padding: clamp(70px, 9vw, 120px) 0;
  background-color: var(--color-surface);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.publications-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(32px, 5vw, 64px);
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.publication-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  background-color: transparent;
  border: none;
  padding: 0;
  box-shadow: none;
  height: 100%;
}

.publication-card:hover {
  transform: none;
  box-shadow: none;
  border-color: transparent;
}

/* Plain Display of Paper Name (Clickable Typography Thumbnail Box) */
.paper-title-thumbnail-stage {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.plain-paper-title-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: space-between;
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 260px;
  height: 100%;
  background-color: #ffffff;
  border: 2px solid #111111;
  padding: clamp(28px, 4vw, 38px);
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #111111;
  position: relative;
  transition: all var(--transition-smooth);
  box-shadow: 6px 6px 0px #111111;
  cursor: pointer;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.plain-paper-title-card:hover {
  background-color: #000000;
  color: #ffffff;
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: 10px 10px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
}

.title-card-top-bar {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.plain-paper-title-card:hover .title-card-top-bar {
  border-bottom-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}

.title-card-journal-tag {
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
}

.plain-paper-title-card:hover .title-card-journal-tag {
  color: #b0b0b8;
}

.title-card-format-pill {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 4px;
  font-size: 10.5px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  background-color: #111111;
  color: #ffffff;
  padding: 3px 8px;
  border-radius: 2px;
  transition: all var(--transition-fast);
}

.plain-paper-title-card:hover .title-card-format-pill {
  background-color: #ffffff;
  color: #000000;
}

.title-card-main-text {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(17px, 1.45vw, 21px);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.38;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: inherit;
  margin-bottom: 22px;
}

.title-card-bottom-bar {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  padding-top: 14px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.plain-paper-title-card:hover .title-card-bottom-bar {
  border-top-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}

.title-card-author-name {
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  font-size: 11.5px;
}

.plain-paper-title-card:hover .title-card-author-name {
  color: #d0d0d5;
}

.title-card-cta-action {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  color: inherit;
  font-weight: 800;
  font-size: 11.5px;
}

/* Paper Details inside Card */
.paper-meta-pills {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-top: 18px;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}

.meta-pill {
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding: 4px 10px;
  border-radius: 2px;
  background-color: var(--color-surface-subtle);
  color: var(--color-text-main);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.meta-pill.doi-pill {
  background-color: var(--color-gold-light);
  border-color: #eeddbb;
  color: #7a5814;
}

.paper-card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(17px, 1.4vw, 20px);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.35;
  color: var(--color-text-main);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.paper-card-title a {
  color: inherit;
}

.paper-card-title a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.paper-card-authors {
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.paper-card-authors span.author-primary {
  color: var(--color-text-main);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.paper-card-abstract {
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  flex-grow: 1;
}

/* Card Action Buttons */
.paper-card-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-top: auto;
  padding-top: 18px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.btn-primary-action {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 10px;
  width: 100%;
  background-color: var(--btn-bg);
  color: var(--btn-text);
  border: 2px solid var(--btn-bg);
  padding: 13px 20px;
  font-size: 13.5px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  transition: all var(--transition-fast);
  cursor: pointer;
}

.btn-primary-action:hover {
  background-color: var(--btn-bg-hover);
  color: var(--btn-text-hover);
  border-color: var(--btn-bg);
}

.btn-secondary-action {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 8px;
  width: 100%;
  background-color: #ffffff;
  color: var(--color-text-main);
  border: 1.5px solid var(--color-border);
  padding: 11px 20px;
  font-size: 12.5px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  transition: all var(--transition-fast);
  cursor: pointer;
}

.btn-secondary-action:hover {
  border-color: #000000;
  color: #000000;
  background-color: var(--color-surface);
}

@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .publications-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    max-width: 680px;
  }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Research Insights & Themes ("Reader Resources" from reference)
   ========================================================================== */
.research-themes-section {
  padding: clamp(70px, 8vw, 110px) 0;
  background-color: #ffffff;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.themes-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 28px;
}

.theme-card {
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  padding: 32px 28px;
  background: var(--color-surface);
  transition: border-color var(--transition-fast), transform var(--transition-fast);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.theme-card:hover {
  border-color: #000000;
  transform: translateY(-4px);
}

.theme-stat-number {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 38px;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--color-text-main);
  line-height: 1;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.theme-card-title {
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-text-main);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.theme-card-desc {
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Academic Biography ("Author" section from reference)
   ========================================================================== */
.biography-section {
  padding: clamp(70px, 9vw, 120px) 0;
  background-color: var(--color-surface);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.bio-split-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 0.9fr 1.1fr;
  gap: clamp(36px, 6vw, 72px);
  align-items: center;
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.bio-portrait-box {
  position: relative;
}

.bio-portrait-box img {
  width: 100%;
  border-radius: 2px;
  filter: grayscale(100%) contrast(105%);
  box-shadow: 0 15px 35px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.bio-frame-accent {
  position: absolute;
  top: -12px;
  left: -12px;
  width: calc(100% + 24px);
  height: calc(100% + 24px);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border-dark);
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 0;
}

.bio-content-box {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.bio-title-heading {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(26px, 3vw, 40px);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-text-main);
  line-height: 1.2;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.bio-credentials-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 12px;
  margin: 24px 0;
  padding-left: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.bio-credential-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 12px;
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
}

.bio-credential-item svg {
  width: 18px;
  height: 18px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  margin-top: 2px;
  fill: var(--color-text-main);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Dedicated Phone & Contact Section (Mandatory User Requirement)
   ========================================================================== */
.contact-section {
  padding: clamp(70px, 9vw, 120px) 0;
  background-color: #ffffff;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.contact-highlight-box {
  background-color: #000000;
  color: #ffffff;
  padding: clamp(36px, 6vw, 64px) clamp(24px, 5vw, 60px);
  border-radius: 4px;
  margin-bottom: 48px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 0.8fr;
  gap: 40px;
  align-items: center;
}

.contact-phone-callout-title {
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.28em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #a0a0a8;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.contact-phone-number-large {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(28px, 4.2vw, 54px);
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  color: #ffffff;
  line-height: 1.15;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  display: block;
}

.contact-phone-number-large:hover {
  color: #e0e0e0;
}

.contact-phone-subtext {
  font-size: 15px;
  color: #cccccc;
  line-height: 1.6;
  max-width: 540px;
}

.contact-action-button-group {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 14px;
  width: 100%;
}

.btn-phone-call {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 12px;
  background-color: #ffffff;
  color: #000000;
  border: 2px solid #ffffff;
  padding: 16px 24px;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-radius: 2px;
  transition: all var(--transition-fast);
}

.btn-phone-call:hover {
  background-color: transparent;
  color: #ffffff;
}

.btn-phone-whatsapp {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 12px;
  background-color: #25D366;
  color: #ffffff;
  border: 2px solid #25D366;
  padding: 15px 24px;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-radius: 2px;
  transition: all var(--transition-fast);
}

.btn-phone-whatsapp:hover {
  background-color: #1ebc59;
  border-color: #1ebc59;
}

/* Contact Details 3-Col Cards */
.contact-details-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 28px;
}

.contact-detail-card {
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  padding: 28px;
  background-color: var(--color-surface);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 10px;
}

.contact-detail-label {
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.22em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
}

.contact-detail-val {
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--color-text-main);
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.contact-detail-sub {
  font-size: 13.5px;
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Newsletter / Academic Updates ("Sign me up" from reference)
   ========================================================================== */
.newsletter-section {
  padding: clamp(60px, 7vw, 90px) 0;
  background-color: #ffffff;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  text-align: center;
}

.newsletter-box {
  max-width: 680px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.newsletter-heading {
  font-size: clamp(20px, 2.4vw, 30px);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}

.newsletter-sub {
  font-size: 15px;
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 24px;
}

.newsletter-form {
  display: flex;
  gap: 8px;
  max-width: 520px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.newsletter-input {
  flex-grow: 1;
  padding: 14px 18px;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 14px;
  border: 1.5px solid var(--color-border-dark);
  border-radius: 0;
  outline: none;
  background-color: #ffffff;
  color: var(--color-text-main);
}

.newsletter-input:focus {
  border-color: #000000;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.newsletter-submit-btn {
  background-color: #000000;
  color: #ffffff;
  border: 2px solid #000000;
  padding: 14px 28px;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all var(--transition-fast);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.newsletter-submit-btn:hover {
  background-color: #ffffff;
  color: #000000;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Footer - Dark luxury publisher footer (#0a0a0a)
   ========================================================================== */
.site-footer {
  background-color: var(--color-footer-bg);
  color: var(--color-footer-text);
  padding: 60px 0 40px;
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.8;
  border-top: 1px solid #222222;
}

.footer-top {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  text-align: center;
  margin-bottom: 36px;
  padding-bottom: 32px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #222222;
}

.footer-brand {
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.22em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #ffffff;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.footer-tagline {
  font-size: 12px;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  color: var(--color-footer-muted);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.footer-nav-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 24px;
}

.footer-nav-link {
  color: var(--color-footer-text);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  transition: color var(--transition-fast);
}

.footer-nav-link:hover {
  color: #ffffff;
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.footer-bottom {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  text-align: center;
  gap: 12px;
  color: var(--color-footer-muted);
  font-size: 12px;
}

.footer-phone-highlight {
  color: #ffffff;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Creatorium Attribution & Swiping Building Emojis
   No border, 30% smaller text, Camel Case
   ========================================================================== */
.creatorium-footer-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-top: 14px;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
  padding: 0;
  background-color: transparent !important;
  border: none !important;
  border-radius: 0;
  box-shadow: none !important;
  transition: opacity var(--transition-fast);
}

.creatorium-footer-badge:hover {
  opacity: 0.85;
}

.creatorium-label-text {
  font-size: 9.2px; /* 30% reduction from 13px */
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  color: #c4c4c8;
  text-transform: none !important; /* Camel Case */
}

.creatorium-brand-name {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #ffffff;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-transform: none !important; /* Camel Case */
}

/* Emoji Swipe Window & Reel scaled to match 9.2px text */
.emoji-swipe-stage {
  display: inline-flex;
  height: 18px;
  overflow: hidden;
  vertical-align: middle;
  position: relative;
  width: 22px;
}

.emoji-swipe-reel {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  animation: swipeUpBuildingsSmall 13.5s cubic-bezier(0.65, 0, 0.35, 1) infinite;
  will-change: transform;
}

.emoji-building-item {
  height: 18px;
  min-height: 18px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 18px;
  user-select: none;
}

/* 8 unique building emojis + 1 duplicate of 1st for seamless loop -> 9 steps (each step = 18px)
   0: 🏢 (0px)
   1: 🏬 (-18px)
   2: 🏛️ (-36px)
   3: 🏙️ (-54px)
   4: 🏗️ (-72px)
   5: 🏨 (-90px)
   6: 🏦 (-108px)
   7: 🌇 (-126px)
   8: 🏢 (-144px, loops to 0)
*/
@keyframes swipeUpBuildingsSmall {
  0%, 9% {
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
  12.5%, 21.5% {
    transform: translateY(-18px);
  }
  25%, 34% {
    transform: translateY(-36px);
  }
  37.5%, 46.5% {
    transform: translateY(-54px);
  }
  50%, 59% {
    transform: translateY(-72px);
  }
  62.5%, 71.5% {
    transform: translateY(-90px);
  }
  75%, 84% {
    transform: translateY(-108px);
  }
  87.5%, 96.5% {
    transform: translateY(-126px);
  }
  100% {
    transform: translateY(-144px);
  }
}

.back-to-top-btn {
  margin-top: 16px;
  background: transparent;
  border: 1px solid #444444;
  color: #ffffff;
  padding: 8px 18px;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all var(--transition-fast);
}

.back-to-top-btn:hover {
  background: #ffffff;
  color: #000000;
  border-color: #ffffff;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Toast Notification & Modal
   ========================================================================== */
.toast-notice {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 24px;
  right: 24px;
  background-color: #000000;
  color: #ffffff;
  padding: 14px 22px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
  z-index: 9999;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  transform: translateY(100px);
  opacity: 0;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease, opacity 0.3s ease;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.toast-notice.show {
  transform: translateY(0);
  opacity: 1;
  pointer-events: auto;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Responsive Media Queries
   ========================================================================== */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .hero-grid {
    min-height: auto;
  }
  
  .publications-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    max-width: 680px;
  }
  
  .themes-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  
  .contact-highlight-box {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    text-align: center;
  }
  
  .contact-details-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  
  .bio-split-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .menu-toggle-btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    left: 8px;
    padding: 6px;
    width: 36px;
    height: 36px;
    gap: 0;
  }

  /* Remove the word MENU in mobile view */
  .menu-btn-text {
    display: none !important;
  }

  /* Animated Hamburger to X */
  .menu-toggle-btn[aria-expanded="true"] .menu-icon-bars span:nth-child(1) {
    transform: translateY(6px) rotate(45deg);
  }
  .menu-toggle-btn[aria-expanded="true"] .menu-icon-bars span:nth-child(2) {
    opacity: 0;
  }
  .menu-toggle-btn[aria-expanded="true"] .menu-icon-bars span:nth-child(3) {
    transform: translateY(-6px) rotate(-45deg);
  }

  .nav-links-row {
    display: none;
  }

  .header-inner {
    padding-top: 12px;
    padding-bottom: 12px;
  }

  .header-top-row {
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 0 48px;
  }

  .site-title {
    font-size: clamp(10.5px, 2.7vw, 12.8px);
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    line-height: 1.3;
  }

  .site-subtitle-tag {
    font-size: 8px;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    line-height: 1.35;
    margin-top: 2px;
  }

  .hero-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .hero-image-column {
    min-height: 420px;
    max-height: 500px;
  }

  .newsletter-form {
    flex-direction: column;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .header-inner {
    padding-top: 10px;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
  }

  .header-top-row {
    padding: 0 38px;
  }

  .menu-toggle-btn {
    left: 4px;
    width: 32px;
    height: 32px;
  }

  .menu-icon-bars {
    width: 18px;
    gap: 3.5px;
  }

  .site-title {
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    line-height: 1.25;
  }

  .site-subtitle-tag {
    font-size: 6.8px;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    line-height: 1.3;
    margin-top: 2px;
  }

  .hero-content-column {
    padding: 32px 18px 44px;
  }

  .hero-eyebrow {
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.14em;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
  }

  .hero-headline {
    font-size: clamp(25px, 7.5vw, 32px);
    line-height: 1.2;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
  }

  .hero-subheadline {
    font-size: 13.5px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    margin-bottom: 24px;
  }

  .hero-image-column {
    min-height: 360px;
    max-height: 440px;
  }

  .mobile-nav-link {
    font-size: 13.5px;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  }
}